Synergistic combination of a lenacil compound and one of dcoit or oit for dry film protection

ABSTRACT

A synergistic antimicrobial composition containing lenacil and one of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is provided. Also provided is a method of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms in a building material by adding such a synergistic antimicrobial composition. Also provided is a coating composition containing such a synergistic antimicrobial composition, and a dry film made from such a coating composition.

This invention relates to combinations of antimicrobial compounds andtheir uses in dry film protection applications, the combinations havingunexpectedly greater activity than would be expected for the use of bothof the individual antimicrobial compounds.

Use of combinations of at least two antimicrobial compounds can broadenpotential markets, reduce use concentrations and costs, and reducewaste. In some cases, commercial antimicrobial compounds cannot provideeffective control of microorganisms, even at high use concentrations,due to weak activity against certain types of microorganisms, e.g.,those resistant to some antimicrobial compounds. Combinations ofdifferent antimicrobial compounds are sometimes used to provide overallcontrol of microorganisms in a particular end use environment. Forexample, WO 1998/121962 discloses combinations of3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate and pyrithione, but this reference doesnot suggest any of the combinations claimed herein. Moreover, there is aneed for additional combinations of antimicrobial compounds withrelatively low impact on health and/or the environment. The problemaddressed by this invention is to provide such additional combinationsof antimicrobial compounds.

Antimicrobial compounds are sometimes included in liquid coatingcompositions that are applied to a substrate and that become dry films.It is desirable that such dry films control surface fungi and algae andthat such dry films also present as little adverse effect as possible onhealth and the environment.

In the present invention there is provided a synergistic antimicrobialcomposition comprising lenacil and one of4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

The invention further provides a method of inhibiting the growth of orcontrolling the growth of microorganisms in a building material, themethod comprising the step of adding a synergistic antimicrobialcomposition comprising lenacil and one of4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; wherein the weight ratio of the 4,5dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one to lenacil is from 1:5 to 5:1.

The present invention further comprises a coating composition comprisinga synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising lenacil and one of4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. The coating composition of the presentinvention may also comprise a synergistic antimicrobial compositioncomprising lenacil and one of4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; wherein the weight ratio of the 4,5dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one to lenacil is from 1:5 to 5:1.

Lastly, the present invention provides a dry film made by a processcomprising applying a layer of the coating composition comprising asynergistic antimicrobial composition comprising lenacil and one of4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; wherein the weight ratio of the 4,5dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one to lenacil is from 1:5 to 5:1 to asubstrate and drying the coating composition or allowing the coatingcomposition to dry.

The following is a detailed description of the invention.

As used herein, the following terms have the designated definitions,unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The term “antimicrobial compound” refers to a compound capable ofinhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms;antimicrobial compounds include bactericides, bacteriostats, fungicides,fungistats, algaecides and algistats, depending on the dose levelapplied, system conditions and the level of microbial control desired.Such term “antimicrobial compound” as used herein is synonymous with theterm “biocide”.

The term “microorganism” includes, for example, fungi (such as yeast andmold), bacteria and algae.

The following abbreviations are used throughout the specification:ppm=parts per million by weight (weight/weight), mL=milliliter,ATCC=American Type Culture Collection, SAG=Culture Collection of Algaeat Goettingen University, CCAP=Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoaand MIC=minimum inhibitory concentration.

Unless otherwise specified, temperatures are in degrees centigrade (°C.), and references to percentages are by weight (wt %). Percentages ofantimicrobial compounds in the composition of this invention are basedon the total weight of active ingredients in the composition, i.e., theantimicrobial compounds themselves, exclusive of any amounts ofsolvents, carriers, dispersants, stabilizers or other materials whichmay be present.

As used herein, “DCOIT” is 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(CAS registry number 64359-81-5), “OIT” is2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CAS registry number 26530-20-1), and“IT” is 4-isothiazolin-3-one.

When a ratio is the herein to be “X:1 or higher,” it is meant that theratio is Y:1, where Y is X or greater, and when a ratio is the herein tobe “X:1 or lower,” it is meant that the ratio is Z:1, where Z is X orless. The same logic follows for ratios that are “1:X or higher” and“1:X or lower”.

Lenacil belongs to the class of uracil herbicides,3-cyclohexyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione(C₁₃H₁₈N₂O₂) (CAS registry number 2164-08-1). Lenacil is a knownherbicide that is approved in many jurisdictions as a soil-actingherbicide for the control of grass and broad-leaved weeds in beet andother crops.

Lenacil has relatively low solubility in water. This relatively lowsolubility in water is preferred for an antimicrobial material that maybe included in a coating composition or other building material, becausedried coatings and building materials are exposed to water, which couldtend to remove a highly soluble compound from the dried coating or thebuilding material.

The present invention involves a composition that contains both lenaciland one of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. It has been surprisingly found that sucha composition is synergistically effective as a biocide. It has beenespecially surprisingly found that compositions that contain bothlenacil and one of DCOIT or OIT are synergistically effective asbiocides.

When DCOIT is present, preferably the weight ratio of DCOIT to lenacilcompound is preferably 1:5 to 5:1. When OIT is present, preferably theweight ratio of OIT to lenacil compound is 1:5 to 5:1.

If a formulation contains both DCOIT and OIT, it is useful to considerthe sum of the weights of all the listed IT compounds (i.e., the sum ofthe weight of DCOIT plus the weight of OIT. The preferred ratio of thesum of the weights of all the listed IT compounds to the weight oflenacil compound is 1:10 to 10:1.

The mixture of lenacil and one of DCOIT or OIT may be included in acoating composition. Lenacil and one of DCOIT or OIT may be added to thecoating composition separately or as a mixture or any combinationthereof. Preferred coating compositions are liquid. Coating compositionsmay be aqueous or non-aqueous. Aqueous coating compositions generallycontain 30% or more water by weight of the mixture, based on the weightof the coating composition.

Among embodiments in which lenacil and one of DCOIT or OIT are includedin paint or other coating composition, preferred coating compositionsare liquid compositions, especially compositions that containdispersions of polymers in aqueous media.

In addition to paints and other coating compositions such as marineanti-fouling, the antimicrobial compound combinations of the presentinvention are particularly useful in preservation of building materials,e.g., adhesives, caulk, joint compound, sealant, wallboard, etc.,polymers, plastics, synthetic and natural rubber, paper products,fiberglass sheets, insulation, exterior insulating finishing systems,roofing and flooring felts, building plasters, bricks, mortar, gypsumboard, wood products and wood-plastic composites. When an antimicrobialcompound combination of the present invention is present in a buildingmaterial, it is preferred that some or all of the antimicrobial compoundcombination is present at the surface of the building material or nearenough to the surface of the building material to inhibit microbialgrowth on that surface.

In some embodiments, latex paints or other liquid coating compositionsare used that contain the antimicrobial compound combinations disclosedherein.

Coating compositions are designed so that a layer of the coatingcomposition can readily be applied to a substrate and then dried orallowed to dry to form a dry film. Coating compositions contain abinder. Binders contain one or more of the following: one or morepolymer, one or more oligomer, and/or one or more monomer. Oligomers andmonomers in binders are designed to polymerize and/or crosslink duringor after the formation of the dry film. Polymers in a binder may or maynot be designed to crosslink during or after the formation of the dryfilm.

Coating compositions optionally contain one or more pigment. A pigmentis a mineral or an organic substance in the form of small solidparticles. Pigments provide full or partial opacity to the dry film.

The antimicrobial compound combinations are useful for preservation ofthe dry film coating resulting after application of paint or otherliquid coating composition. Preferably, the antimicrobial composition isan aqueous latex paint comprising one or more of the antimicrobialcompound combinations disclosed herein, or the dry film coatingresulting from application of the paint to a surface. An aqueous latexpaint is an aqueous liquid coating composition in which the binder is apolymer in the form of a latex (i.e., in the form of polymer particlesdispersed throughout the water). More preferred are aqueous latex paintsin which the binder contains one or more acrylic polymer.

Typically, the amount of the antimicrobial compound combinations of thepresent invention to control the growth of microorganisms is from 100ppm to 10,000 ppm active ingredient. For example, in the presentinvention, lenacil plus OIT and/or DCOIT is present in an amount from100 ppm to 10,000 ppm. The antimicrobial combinations of the compositionare present in an amount of at least 100 ppm and no more than 8,000 ppm,preferably no more than 6,000 ppm, preferably no more than 5,000 ppm,preferably no more than 4,000 ppm, preferably no more than 3,000 ppm,preferably no more than 2500 ppm, and preferably no more than 2,000 ppm.Concentrations mentioned above are in a liquid coating composition, suchas paint, containing the antimicrobial compound combinations;antimicrobial compound combination levels in the dry film coating willbe higher.

The present invention also encompasses a method for preventing microbialgrowth in building materials, especially in dry film coatings, byincorporating any of the claimed antimicrobial compound combinationsinto the materials.

Typically, the antimicrobial compositions are used to inhibit growth ofalgae and/or fungi.

The composition of the present invention contains lenacil and one ofDCOIT or OIT. It is contemplated that some embodiments may contain oneor more additional antimicrobial compound.

The following are examples of the present invention.

Sample preparation for antimicrobial testing was performed as follows:

Slurries containing 33% antimicrobial active ingredient (Lenacil) werepost added to a white, acrylic/silicone based outdoor paint free ofbiocides to give a total active ingredient concentration of 10000 and1000 ppm respectively. KATHON™ 893T (100% OIT) and ROCIMA™ 200 (20%DCOIT) were post added to a white, acrylic/silicone based outdoor paintfree of biocides to give a total active ingredient concentration of10000 and 1000 ppm respectively. These paints were then diluted with anantimicrobial free acrylic/silicone based paint and mixed to preparetargeted concentrations of antimicrobial compounds for the testing. Thetotal biocides concentrations tested were 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and5000 ppm. After biocides addition or dilution, the paints were mixed 90seconds with the horse power shaker (AXEL 75M3372/Agitateur 50-10MI)until uniformity was achieved. Paints containing different antimicrobialcompounds at the same levels were mixed together in order to obtain thedesired ratio of antimicrobial compounds. After one day, the paints wereapplied to Schleicher & Schuell filter paper at 280 μm wet filmthickness and dried for 3 days at room temperature avoiding directexposure to sunlight. Square discs (1.6 cm×1.6 cm) were cut out fromeach panel and were used as the substrate for algal efficacy tests. Thissample size allowed for an agar border when the sample disc was placedinto the well of the test plate.

Algal Efficacy Testing:

Algal efficacy was tested according to modified ASTM 5589 which is astandard accelerated test method for determining resistance of variouscoatings (including paints) to algal defacement. To accommodate forhigh-throughput screening, this method was scaled down from petri dishesto 6-well plates. Bold Modified Basal Freshwater Nutrient Solution wasused as growth medium. A single coated filter paper coupon was placedwith a pair of sterile forceps at the center of the agar plug (on top)with the painted surface facing upwards. Algal inoculums were preparedby mixing equal concentrations (1×10⁶ cfu/ml) and equal volumes ofexponentially growing algae cultures.

Algal Inoculums:

Organisms Strain No. Type Medium for testing Chlorella sp. ATCC 7516Unicellular Bold Modified Chlorophyte Freshwater Solution StichococcusSAG 379-1a Unicellular or Bold Modified bacillaris CCAP 379/1aFilamentous Freshwater Chlorophyte Solution

Each well that contains a tested coupon was inoculated with 1750 μl ofalgal suspensions (1×10⁶ cfu/ml) making sure that the whole surface(paint film as well as the agar surrounding it) was evenly covered. Theplates were incubated at room temp (21° C.-25° C.) with cyclic exposureto light and dark phases, for a period of three weeks.

At the end of the three week incubation period, the samples were scoredfor percent inhibition regarding visible algal growth compared to theblank sample (0% inhibition).

The Synergy Index calculation was performed as follows.

The SI is calculated based on F. C. Kull et al. method (AppliedMicrobiology, Vol. 9 (1961). In this study, SI was calculated based onthe following formula with the minimum inhibitory concentration chosenbased on the percent inhibitory exhibited by the individualantimicrobial against each microorganisms tested.

SI=Qa/QA+Qb/QB

-   -   Qa=the concentration of Antimicrobial A in the blend    -   QA=the concentration of Antimicrobial A as the only biocide    -   Qb=the concentration of Antimicrobial B in the blend    -   QB=the concentration of Antimicrobial B as the only        antimicrobial

SI value of <1 in the formula indicates a synergism of the blendedbiocides exists.

Note: If any of the active with maximum concentration tested did notexhibit some inhibition, this maximum concentration is used to calculatethe estimated SI and a sign of less than (<) is included to take intoaccount that higher concentration of the active (Lenacil) is needed toachieve the targeted inhibition. The minimal targeted inhibition was setat 75%, meaning a coupon with at least 75% algal growth inhibition wasconsidered as a pass.

Compositions listed below that contain both lenacil and one of OIT orDCOIT are examples of the present invention.

Test Results for OIT with Lenacil at 3 weeks were as follows:

Pass level ≧75% inhibition Chlorella Stichococcus OIT Total conc, ppm1000 500 % inhibition 95 90 Lenacil Total conc, ppm 5000 5000 %inhibition 45 30 1 OIT:5Lenacil Total conc, ppm 1000 500 % inhibition 8585 SI <0.33 <0.25 1 OIT:2 Lenacil Total conc, ppm 500 500 % inhibition75 80 SI <0.23 <0.40 1 OIT:1 Lenacil Total conc, ppm 500 250 %inhibition 85 75 SI <0.30 <0.28 2 OIT:1 Lenacil Total conc, ppm 500 250% inhibition 90 80 SI <0.37 <0.35 5 OIT:1 Lenacil: Total conc, ppm 1000250 % inhibition 95 95 SI <0.87 <0.42 OIT + Lenacil at ratio 1:5 to 5:1exhibited a synergy.

Test Results for DCOIT with Lenacil at 3 weeks were as follows:

Pass level ≧75% inhibition Chlorella Stichococcus DCOIT Total conc, ppm1000 1000 % inhibition 85 95 Lenacil Total conc, ppm 5000 5000 %inhibition 30 70 1 DCOIT:5Lenacil Total conc, ppm 2000 2000 % inhibition80 75 SI <0.67 <0.67 1 DCOIT:2 Lenacil Total conc, ppm 2000 1000 %inhibition 90 75 SI <0.93 <0.47 1 DCOIT:1 Lenacil Total conc, ppm 20001000 % inhibition 95 90 SI <1.20 <0.60 2 DCOIT:1 Lenacil Total conc, ppm1000 1000 % inhibition 90 95 SI <0.73 <0.73 5 DCOIT:1 Lenacil Totalconc, ppm 1000 1000 % inhibition 90 95 SI <0.87 <0.87 DCOIT + Lenacil atratio 1:5 to 5:1 exhibited a synergy.

1. A synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising lenacil and one of4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
 2. The synergistic antimicrobialcomposition of claim 1, wherein the synergistic antimicrobialcomposition comprises 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and wherein the weight ratio of the4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one to lenacil is from 1:5 to 5:1.
 3. Asynergistic antimicrobial composition comprising lenacil and4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one wherein the weight ratio of the4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one to lenacil is from 1:10 to 10:1.
 4. Amethod of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth ofmicroorganisms in a building material, the method comprising the step ofadding the synergistic antimicrobial composition of claim 2 to thebuilding material.
 5. A coating composition comprising the synergisticantimicrobial composition of claim
 1. 6. A coating compositioncomprising the synergistic antimicrobial composition of claim
 2. 7. Adry film made by a process comprising applying a layer of the coatingcomposition of claim 6 to a substrate and drying the coating compositionor allowing the coating composition to dry.